请问一个专家老师,介词短语可以用作宾语吗?
若可以,请举例说明一下,谢谢!
在某位语法大师的语法著作中提到,介词短语有时可以作主语。“在口语中在肯定场所下,会有人用副词、介词短语作主语。”我觉得,这纯粹是口语现象,是为了简练而省略了本该有些“主语”it。比如:
From here to there is a short distance. “从这里到那里路程非常短。”
目前,有不少人都采信这种看法。我觉得,这违背了起码的语法规则,是猎奇性质。介词短语,本质上是一种“非名词性结构”,“非名词性结构”根本没办法充当句子的主语或宾语。假如作及物动词的宾语,那更是不可思议的;假如作介词的宾语,那是由于省略而形成的。
正确的表达是:
Form here to there it is a very short distance.
It is a very short distance form here to there.
关于介词短语作介词的宾语问题:
The thief came from behind the door. (from behind the door = fromsomewhere behind the door)
【说明】小偷从门后(的某个地方)出来。from 的宾语其实是省略了的somewhere,而behind the door是somewhere的定语。
The buses run until after twelve.(until after twelve = untilsometime after twelve)
【说明】公共汽车一直行驶到午夜将来(的某个时间)。until 的宾语其实是省略了的sometime,而after twelve是sometime的定语。
语言追求简练,这都是在介词后省略宾语的结果。又如,下列句子中,是在 in 之后省略了表示“时间、地址”的名词;在 between 之后省略了其他相应的名词,都可以参考上文补充完整。在剖析时应根据省略前的剖析。
把以下两组句子的来龙去脉弄了解。要想了解第3句的意思和演变,请看上面两句:
第一组:
1. The city lies in a place between New Yorkand Chicago.
2. The city lies in between New Yorkand Chicago.
3. The city lies in between.
第二组:
1. He has breakfast and supper and doesn’t eat anything in any timebetween them.
2. He has breakfast and supper and doesn’t eat anything in betweenthem.
3. He has breakfast and supper and doesn’t eat anything in between.